The findings are discussed in terms of cognitive and motivational processes. These hypotheses were supported in a study in which 62 high school students assigned occurrence probabilities to 12 relevant future events representing 4 categories of events, i.e., positive events perceived as controllable or uncontrollable, and negative events perceived as controllable or uncontrollable. It was further hypothesized that in the case of positive-uncontrollable events the probabilities assigned to oneself might be equal or even lower than those assigned to a comparison-target. It was hypothesized that participants, while comparing themselves to an unknown comparison-target, will assign higher occurrence probabilities for positive-controllable events, and lower occurrence probabilities for negative events to themselves, than respective probabilities assigned to a vague comparison-target. Pessimism, on the other hand, can be seen as a fear of future events, often accompanied by anxiety. But when things don’t work out as planned, that optimism can sour into disappointment. Unrealistic optimism about future life events. In fact, unrealistic optimism is extremely common, with many studies suggesting that about 80 of people have a so-called optimism bias. is defined both as the overestimation of positive future events and the underestimation of future negative events.
15 ,13 14, the biological and computational principles that. The influence of the interaction between the valence of a future event and its perceived controllability on the degree of unrealistic optimism (UO) was tested. Individuals typically exhibit unrealistic optimism (UO), the belief that they are less likely than. Although the existence of unrealistic optimism has been extensively documented.
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